Ifrs Adoption And Financial Comparability Accounting Essay

Globalization of financial markets has implied an expanded point of convergence on worldwide measures in bookkeeping and has strengthened endeavors towards an individual arrangement of high caliber, internationally worthy arrangement of bookkeeping models. Monetary proclamations arranged in various states blending to various arrangement of guidelines, mean army national arrangements of rules, each with its ain arrangement of finding out about a comparative managing, doing it difficult to look at, break down and decipher financial explanations across states. A monetary inclusion framework bolstered by solid organization, excellent rules, and unfaltering regulative model is the way to financial turn of events. To be sure, stable financial inclusion measures underline the trust that speculators place in monetary inclusion data and in this manner play an of import work in loaning to the financial improvement of a state. Unnecessary to advert, globally acknowledged bookkeeping measures pl ay a significant capacity in this full technique. A moving toward monetary framework on universe financial guide, India, too much, chose to meet to International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) . With the acknowledgment of IFRS by Indian houses, the looking at of two monetary proclamations gets simpler furthermore hopes to follow in better nature of financial inclusion because of predictable utilization of bookkeeping rules and advancement in reliability of financial explanations. Once more, one of the major pre-requirements of securing recorded on European markets is preparing of chronicles according to IFRS requests. In the interim, the proposed intermingling with IFRS is probably going to make significant difficulties to the bookkeeping designs in mechanical and monetary divisions. While controllers, standard printers and law shapers sit together to rollout the course map for execution of International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) in India, an expansive region of the business is as of now discussing the effect an d the execution difficulties of changing into IFRS.A A particular and of import segment of smooth entry into IFRS is the union of RBI rules with the guidelines set down in IFRS.A as it were, the fruitful acknowledgment of IFRS depends on flexibleness and adequacy of IFRS by RBI. Banks will hold to in the blink of an eye set to bookkeeping modifications that are upheld by IFRS.A It is all around expected that IFRS acknowledgment worldwide will regard financial specialists and different clients of monetary articulations, by cut bringing down the expenses of contrasting exchange investings and expanding the nature of data Companies are other than anticipated to benefit, as speculators will be all the more ready to gracefully subsidizing. Organizations that have high degrees of worldwide exercises are among the gathering that would benefit from a change to IFRS. Organizations that are associated with remote exercises and puting advantage from the switch because of the expanded correlation of a set bookkeeping model. Examination in financial articulations is basic for speculators to pull reasonable choices about the relative open introduction of elements. Anyway for a combination of grounds a substances monetary articulations may non be as equivalent to its opponents as preparers or clients would lean toward in the nearby term. Another way to uplift examination is to see taking care of the financial explanations non simply as a bookkeeping practicing however adjacent to a practicing in pass oning of import components that in reality influence the year-to-year correlation of monetary proclamation informations. Reception of IFRS, the new planetary inclusion standards, would better correlation, transparence and believability of financial proclamations and in a globalized universe, would take to more noteworthy monetary efficiencies. Exploration proposes that social contrasts cause specialists in various states to translate and utilize bookkeeping standards in any case. Interpretation of IFRS into grouped semantic interchanges represents another threat to correlation. An It will be of import for transnational enterprises and planetary review houses to reinforce social cognizance planning. This could benefit transnational enterprises and their listeners by doing them conscious of potential preferences held by their worldwide staff and by associates in their universal workplaces, and by helping experts perceive their ain state ‘s social bookkeeping tendencies and better see how these qualities influence their ain readings and decisions. Most altogether, the underlying and on-going IFRS union will affect revealed total assets, accessible capital and capital sufficiency for Indian Bankss. Further, the finished guide for the intermingling of Indian Accounting Standards with IFRS, as to banking organizations, requires all planned business Bankss to change over their initial monetary records as of April 1, 2013. RBI has other than accentuated to Bankss that they have to pitch up to follow the new rules. Along these lines, there is ever an interest to hold an evaluation of the potential possibilities and difficulties for Bankss in India while meeting to IFRS. Resulting to the decree of the proposition by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India ( ICAI ) to meet the Indian bookkeeping standards ( Indian GAAP ) with IFRS useful April 1, 2011, there has been significant contention among the rule printers, controllers, corporate India and expert bookkeeping houses, on the guide to intermingling and its deductions.2. Au dit of LiteratureSince European Union was the first to follow IFRS over the Earth, the vast majority of the explores have been done on IFRS breaking down the data from part conditions of EU. Exploration laborers have given grouped feelings on the open assistance partnership of acknowledgment of IFRSs over the Earth as an individual arrangement of inclusion rules. Existing writing bolsters this situation of examination laborers that acknowledgment of IFRS as individual arrangement of inclusion models improves the nature of monetary data what's more guarantees opportune misfortune affirmation. Immediately, following individual arrangement of monetary inclusion models carry numerous advantages to depicting elements, Investors, financiers and other invested individuals as in this time of global limits procuring disposed of, they will non hold to make reference to portraying proclamations arranged on the balance of various inclusion rules. Blending to Epstein and A ; Jermakowicz, ( 2010 ) IASBaˆYs Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements expresses that the equitable utilization of monetary explanations is to show the expansive extent of clients of these monetary articulations with data about the entityaˆYs financial spot, open introduction and the adjustments in monetary spot. This aides in better fiting the clients with progressively fit financial assurance contriving. Elliott B. and A ; Elliott J. , ( 2002 ) clarifies that abdominal muscle initio, managed monetary explanations were required on state degree so as to ensure that all the organizations present their financial proclamations in a comparable and steady way. Be that as it may, the stride with which globalization is taking topographic point, the interest for universally practically identical financial examinations were brought frontward. Accordingly, so as to lessen the national contrasts and the distinctions in monetary inclusion, the worldwide printers and controllers, for outline, Financial Accounting Standards Board ( FASB ) and International Accounting Standards Board ( IASB ) have given bookkeeping rules, for example, Generally Accepted Accounting Standards ( GAAP ) and International Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) , severally. Chorafas D. ( 2006 ) says that IFRS is considered by course think-tanks as a phase dislodging in the general bookkeeping, asset report place evaluations and financial inclusion procedures. Fitting to Drury and Tayles ( 1997 ) there is an interest for additional inside and out example review to explore the linkage between outside monetary inclusion and course bookkeeping. This study views the IFRS ‘ acknowledgment as an opportunity to build up the general arranging frameworks of an organization rather than a thin inclusion framework. Financial bookkeeping and heading bookkeeping are viewed as frameworks complimentary to one another. Gordon ( 2008 ) noticed that the harmonization of monetary inclusion, which has prompted tantamount bookkeeping and financial data across states and organizations, keeps on sponsorship up and progress the worry itself. Blending to Soderstrom and Sun ( 2007 ) the deliberate acknowledgment of excellent bookkeeping measures - IFRS included-is found to hold a positive effect on bookkeeping quality. El-Gazzar et Al. ( 1999 ) area that houses embrace universal standards so as to spread out their gross incomes to outside business sectors, to accomplish more customers and to reduce down political expenses when spread excursion exercises into remote markets. These organizations see the advantages of utilizing the IFRS rising above the expenses of execution and in-use. Resigned and Thomas ( 2004 ) region that the inclusion condition of an organization other than influences the pertinence of monetary inclusion, non the bookkeeping models completely, for example the state where the organization works may hold an effect on the pertinence of the data. It is contended, that in any event, when utilizing the International Financial Reporting Standards, the monetary proclamation data may non be practically identical among various states because of social contrasts ( Scott 2009 ) . Orchestrating to Ball ( 2006 ) organizations may even go up against a competitory drawback from a wasteful monet ary inclusion hypothetical record. Especially, houses viing in planetary markets face turning power per unit zone to utilize all around acknowledged monetary inclusion models. Cai and Wong ( 2010 ) in their study of planetary capital markets summed up that the capital markets of the states that have embraced IFRS have higher evaluation of coordinating among them after their IFRS acknowledgment when contrasted with the period before the acknowledgment. Paananen and Lin ( 2009 ) gave an opposite situation to earlier r

Funny Quotes About Work Meetings, Mistakes, and More

Clever Quotes About Work Meetings, Mistakes, and that's only the tip of the iceberg Life at the work environment can be troubling without humor, which can serve to alleviate strain and make kinship among colleagues. Cooperation improves efficiency and work execution, and when individuals are energetic, the work environment feel gets fun. You anticipate working with individuals you appreciate and have an affinity with. This everything is a piece of a lively working environment climate. In this assortment of clever work cites, glimpse the lighter side of work life. Offer these with your partners to make an energetic domain in your working environment. Scott Adams, The Dilbert Principle Innovativeness is permitting yourself to commit errors. Workmanship is knowing which ones to keep. William Castle A specialist is a man who reveals to you a basic thing in a confounded manner in such a design as to make you think the disarray is your own flaw. Phyllis Diller What I don’t like about office Christmas celebrations is searching for work the following day. Carl Zwanzig Conduit tape resembles the power. It has a light side, a clouded side, and it holds the universe together. Scott Adams Give a man a fish, and youll feed him for a day. Show a man to fish, and damnation purchase a clever cap. Converse with an eager man about fish, and youre an expert. Tori Filler Experience is the thing that you get when you don’t get what you need. Phil Pastoret Hear no detestable, see no insidious, and talk no shrewd and you’ll never find a new line of work working for a newspaper. Dennis Miller The least demanding activity on the planet must be coroner. Medical procedure on dead individuals. What’s the most noticeably awful thing that could occur? In the case of everything turned out badly, perhaps you’d get a heartbeat. Niels Bohr A specialist is a man who has committed all the errors which can be made in an extremely tight field. Leo Durocher I put stock in rules. Sure I do. In the event that there weren’t any guidelines, how might you break them? Jerome K. Jerome I like work; it interests me. I can sit and take a gander at it for a considerable length of time. Woody Allen Im sufficiently short and terrible enough to prevail all alone. In the event that a man grins constantly, he’s most likely selling something that doesn’t work. Dave Barry In the event that you needed to distinguish in single word the motivation behind why humankind has not accomplished and never will accomplish its maximum capacity, that word would be gatherings. Maxims 10:26 Like vinegar to the teeth, and smoke to the eyes, so are the apathetic to their managers. Sam Ewing Nothing is so humiliating as watching somebody accomplish something that you said couldn’t be finished. Lily Tomlin â€Å"I consistently needed to be someone, however now I understand I ought to have been more specific.† Oscar Wilde The most ideal approach to value your main responsibility is to envision yourself without one. Betty Reese On the off chance that you think you are excessively little to beâ effective, you have never been uninformed with a mosquito.† Ted Turner My child is presently a business visionary. That is the thing that youre called when you dont have an occupation. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow â€Å"It takes lessâ time to do things rightâ than to clarify why you did it wrong.† Henry Kissinger A precious stone is simply a chunk of coal thatâ did well under tension.

Are Essays For Sale Available at Your College?

Are Essays For Sale Available at Your College?When you are struggling to get through that last term paper due the instructor assigned for that task, or perhaps you just got handed the assignment and you have just read through it and nothing makes sense, your first thought is to look for an essay for sale in the school library. It might seem that easy. However, when you get a little deeper into your search for that perfect essay writing assignment you quickly discover that the essay you want is probably not there.The hardest, most challenging and most difficult question for the professor assigned for the assignment is to find the best topic for the assignment. While you may have a subject you are passionate about, or you know people who have a similar interest, you are the only one who can make that decision. Of course you are not the only one and there are times when other students suggest topics that would fit the theme of the class. Or sometimes the subject is already used as an es say topic and you must move forward with the next assignment.One of the most popular subjects that students choose to use in essays is the financial topics. While we all understand what a college major is, the focus of those classes is on learning how to be responsible with money, the financial and investment aspects of life.Those of us who study the different financial markets will do well to find the topic of that subject that is most applicable to the material we are taught in class. And when that time comes to choose an essay for sale we need to consider a few things:* You can have a budget: Financial subjects like finance, insurance, investment, etc. can be very rewarding. But they can also be quite costly. If you don't have a lot of money to spend on an essay for sale then you might want to consider focusing your essay on some other topic in which you can cover the cost.* You wouldn't have to take out loans: If you are taking out loans to cover your college expenses then you h ave other options. Instead of paying for an essay for sale you might want to consider turning that paper in to the school. If you find that the costs are much higher than you anticipated then you could consider a loan or even selling the essay.* You could save on college tuition fees: Not everyone goes to college. And a large percentage of those who go actually attend a community college. This is very common, so you don't have to worry about paying for college if you aren't going to college.We have provided a guide below to help you with a few tips that will help you determine if your college professor assigned for a 'your subject has been used as an essay for sale' essay. But the first thing you must do is contact your college's Financial Aid office, or a financial advisor to help you.

Juvenile Delinquency Theories Stem From An Array Of...

Juvenile Delinquency theories stem from an array of individual, social and environmental conditions, in so labeling certain causes as to why juveniles commit criminal acts. Juveniles are identified as minors-under the age of 18, in which are treated separately for criminal offenses. In the film Kids, delinquent behavior is constantly demonstrated throughout the progression of the film. The film depicts a group of sexually active teenagers in New York City. Many of the characters exhibited at-risk concerns: substance abuse and early sexuality, in which directly correlates an increase in delinquent behavior. Therefore, this paper will further analyze and link four specific theories of juvenile delinquency in the film. Edwin Sutherlands†¦show more content†¦More specifically, this concept can be understood as the social disorganization theory. Shaw and McKay developed the notion that ecological environments are directly related to the social control of a neighborhood. If the neighborhood structure is negative, there is an undeniably increase of juvenile delinquents. Within the film, the urbanized area has a negative influence on the social and physical tendencies of the main character’s behavior. For instance, throughout the film, Telly and Casper are constantly committing delinquent behavior to obtain certain means in their neighborhood. From a scene displaying Tellys household, there is surely a struggle of money flowing into the household. Given Tellys mother’s situation with her new baby, the mother is clearly preoccupied and can’t prioritize her interest with Telly. Therefore, demonstrating a lack of parental supervision and a lack of discipline throughout the fil m. Evidently, with the lack of money cycled throughout the household, Telly relies on delinquent habits to surpass the structural constraints of society. In addition, Psychodynamic trait theory by Sigmund Freud demonstrates the mental development of the main character’s personality traits in the film. Freud theorized that a personality comprises of three parts: ID, Ego and Superego. The ID represents anShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Criminology And The Future Of Criminology1583 Words   |  7 Pagescriminologist have considered theory integration important for the future of criminology due to the flourishment of crimes in society. Researchers have begun to study crime and the punishments associated with specific crimes that do not include trust crimes such as fraud, workplace theft or income tax invasion. However, they are studying an array of criminal behaviors that involve illicit and illegal behaviors in an effort to establish how important integrated theory will affect the future of criminologyRead MoreRap Music And Its Effects On America1649 Words   |  7 Pagesculture. Birthed in the mid- 1970’s rap music came to f ruition in the Southern Bronx area of New York City. As rap culture began to emerge and grow in New York, rappers began to utilize their voice and voice their opinions. An array of topics were now being discussed from race to survival in America. With subject matter constantly evolving with each generation rap music took a drastic turn in the 90’s. This became an era in which the glorification of violence, smoking, and selling drugs was prominentRead MoreJuvenile Justice System And For Reducing Juvenile Crime Rates2187 Words   |  9 Pagesnation an individual resides in, certain issues are universally important. Examples include crime, economics, education, family, healthcare, homelessness, poverty, and many others. The United States is now the world leader in its rate of incarceration. Over the past 25 years, juvenile crime has skyrocketed, with drug crimes, gang violence, school shootings, and other violent acts being regularly featured in the news. During the past 10 years, nearly all 50 states have overhauled their juvenile justiceRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesWeidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproductionRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslittle significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable

U.s. Invasion Of Iraq Essay - 1791 Words

2205354 The U.S. Invasion of Iraq, 2003 In 2003, President George W. Bush and Secretary of State Colin Powell launched an invasion of the nation of Iraq. United States Secretary of State Colin Powell outlined the reasons Iraq posed a threat to international security in a speech he gave at the United Nations. Iraq’s nuclear weapons program concerned the Bush administration. Fearing Iraq might use this program to act aggressively in the region, and wanting to secure oil supplies and a friendly regime, the administration pursued a plan of action to remove Iraqi President Saddam Hussein from power (FLS 2016, 43). A constant secure supply of oil stood as a cornerstone of the military-industrial complex thriving in the United States and a friendly regime in such an oil rich country remained an important objective of President Bush. This directly conflicted with the desire of President Saddam Hussein of Iraq to remain in power. The United States sought to convey their commitment to toppling Saddam through many avenue s. President Bush created severe audience costs for himself. By denouncing Iraq on the world stage and committing to certain demands, Bush effectively tied his hands and backing down would have been politically costly for him (FLS 2016, 115). Bush also used crisis bargaining, defined by Frieden, Lake, and Schultz as threatening the use of force if demands are not met, and coercive diplomacy, defined Frieden, Lake, and Schultz as using threats to influenceShow MoreRelatedU.S. Invasion in to Iraq1283 Words   |  5 Pageson from the invasion, the Iraq war remains an unforgettable sequence of events for people around the world, especially American’s and one of the greatest intelligence failures in living history. The pre-war intelligence gathered by the CIA suggested that Saddam Hussein possessed weapons of mass destruction and connections with al-Qaeda. 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Should the United States have interfered in Iraqi affairs? What was the real intention of accusing Iraq for having weapons of mass destruction and holding them accountable for the 9/11 terrorist attacks even though they were innocent of both allegations? Did the U.S. media cover all the truth in Iraq? Wa s the main purpose of the invasion the greed of oil Read MorePolicemen of the World947 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity Contemporary US History Professor Tonya Simmons March 13, 2015 Policemen of the World Thesis and Outline Most people would agree that if the U.S. were to launch missiles to attack Syria in vengeance for their alleged use of the nerve agent sarin against anti- government rebels, it would be another addition to the long list of U.S. foreign military operations. Prior presidents have resulted to war after the country was directly attacked, such as by Japan at the start of WII. 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They had managed to retain power by suppressing uprisings of the small minority of Kurds in the country and the majority of the countries Shiite Arabs in 1990 after Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait which they lost due to the U.S.-led coalition in the Persian gulf war, 1990-91. The Iraq war began in 2003, with the invasion of Iraq on the morning of March 20. ItRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On The Iraq War887 Words   |  4 PagesHistory Annotated Bibliographies Britannica Editors. â€Å"Iraq War†. britannica.com, https://www.britannica.com/event/Iraq-War. Britannica, 2004. Information is revised and edited to be accurate. Britannica is a reliable website. Sources used are both primary and secondary. No knowledge needed to read this article. Great place to start. Covers most aspects of the Invasion of iraq and the iraq War in 2003. Written chronologically. Bruhns, John. â€Å"Iraq 10 Years Later: Participating in My Generation’s MostRead MoreThe United States International Law1217 Words   |  5 Pagesheavily on a legalistic framework which is too narrow. Alternatively, these critics explain state crime as the area of overlap between violations of human rights and state organized abnormality. It appears the invasion and occupation of Iraq fits within this new view of state crime. The conflict in Iraq exhibits a death toll of more than 10,000 people along with a multitude of human rights violations. The body of existing international law clearly prohibits these actions under its â€Å"theoretical umbrella†Read MoreEssay The Invasion of Iraq was Illegal1703 Words   |  7 Pagesargument that has been brought up by others who believe the invasion of Iraq was illegal. However, the failed diplomatic policies of the United States are what led to the failed invasion of Iraq. George W. Bush sent an invasion to Iraq with only Congress approving his â€Å"Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002†. However, he did not have the authorization he needed from the United Nations, therefore, the invasion of Iraq was illegal. It is true that Saddam Hussein was killingRead MoreU.s. Involvement During The Persian Gulf War1374 Words   |  6 Pages.Mohammadamin Montazer Mr. Kanna U.S. History, period 1 29 May 2015 U.S. Involvement in 1st Persian Gulf War â€Å"One of the good things about the way the Gulf War ended in 1991 is, you d see the Vietnam veterans marching with the Gulf War veterans† (George H. W. Bush). President Bush stated that the Persian Gulf War was not fully supported by the soldiers who fought in the war. Gulf War veterans marched like Vietnam veterans because they also viewed the war as unjustified. Persian Gulf War veterans

Teaching Myself Good Work Habits - 734 Words

For my experiment, I’m going to be training myself. I will be teaching myself how to work out without taking it lightly and without missing a day. I’m going to teach myself that with good habits I can do whatever I want. Normally, I’m lazy so I don’t like to go to the gym if it’s not mandatory but for this experiment I’m going to force myself. For this experiment, I will be using the positive reinforcement so after I go to the gym I’m going to get an award. I choose the positive reinforcement over the others because with this method it will help my behavior to be repeated. By using the negative reinforcement, I’m going to have to remove an unpleasant stimulus if I don’t go to the gym and I won’t be motivate. By putting a punishment it can decrease the frequency of my behavior. My reinforce after going to the gym will be my friend has to cook for me at night, because I’m always hungry at night, I don’t know how to cook and the cafeteria is close, so I got my friend helping me. My reinforce is going to be considering as a primary reinforce because it is a naturally reinforcing. My schedule of reinforcement will be the fixed interval. It will reinforce the first response after a fixed time period that will be every time I finish working out. I choose this schedule of reinforcement over the others because in the fixed-ratio schedules I didn’t like that fact that after a certain number I get my reinforce. In the variable ratio and the variable interval, I didn’t liked that it’sShow MoreRelatedThe Habits Of Being Proactive860 Words   |  4 Pageshand, but myself. One applicable thing that we went over in class was about good habits. One of the habits that I have been working on this past semester is Win-Win. Sean Covey described this as â€Å"The all you can eat buffet† (pg. 153) I try to think of the positive aspects of different situations, and try to h elp others achieve their â€Å"win†. Also, renewing your mind stood out to me, because I didn’t think that giving yourself relax and renewing time was considered a good habit. The habit about beingRead MoreWe re All Lying Liars948 Words   |  4 PagesIn we’re All Lying Liars, Ulrich Boser, discusses lying .Boser argues that everyone lies from an early age and beside some benefits, lying is a bad habit. First, he points out that people lie at least once a day. Second, he states that researchers found out that lying have some benefits. Then, Boser refers to some researchers, who, try to give some reasons why people usually lie. Later on, the author, emphasizes on the fact that lying can help to improve ourselves. Finally, he concludes that evenRead MoreThe Importance Of Learning And Retaining Material Is Through The Auditory, Visual And Tactile Learning Experience Essay924 Words   |  4 Pageslist of things I have learned I reflect on my time in nursing school . Therefore, I will use nursing school to display my preferred styles of learning. I have never had great study habits but always managed to earn good grades. In grade school I would find it difficult to concentrate while reading a book. My study habits included retyping hand written notes and creating flash cards. Unfortunately, I would become bored by my efforts and resort to a cramming session. After graduating from high schoolRead MoreTeaching English For Young Learner815 Words   |  4 PagesAfter going through the program of Teaching English to Young Learner (TEYL) course for one semester, I could realize that I have been acquiring positive inputs for my self-development. Those inputs are mostly obtained from the way the lecturer set up the learning activities and from the learning materials including journal articles and any reading materials, uncovering the concept and the issues on the practice of TEYL in Indonesia. 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The results from the article stated, teaching the kid to eat more vegetable by â€Å"serving vegetables first, serving larger portions of vegetables and providing a choice of vegetables† will increase the children’s consumption of vegetable (Holley, 2017). That is why now; I only have a rtificial flavor juice in my refrigerator. My eating habit created since I was a child, soRead MorePerseverance : Teaching Habits And Attitudes For The 21st Century1527 Words   |  7 PagesPerseverance 1. Consider the habitude of perseverance as it is defined in the text, Classroom Habitudes: Teaching Habits and Attitudes for the 21st Century. Mentally identify times in your life when you experienced perseverance. Briefly describe one experience, which would be appropriate to share with the students in your placement. 1. 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Rosewood Hotels And Resorts free essay sample

Check with your professor for any additional instructions. o Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: o Analyze the importance of customer life time value. o Evaluate the role of consumer behavior and perception in the marketing mix. Use technology and information resources to research issues in marketing in a global environment. o Write clearly and concisely about marketing in a global environment using proper writing mechanics. Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric Abstract Rosewood hotels Resorts, a privately held company was established in 1979 by Caroline Rose Hunt Trust Estate. In 1980, rosewood managed its first hotel, The Mansion on Turtle Creek, and old mansion in Dallas Texas. The Mansion was saved by Ms. Hunt, the daughter of H. L. Hunt, a Texas oil Tycoon. Rosewood, with the help of Hunt transformed the property into a world class hotel and restaurant. They ventured on to transform many existing properties to include Little Dix Bay, Virgin Islands, the newly built Lanesborough in London, and Las Al Paraiso in Mexico. This paper discusses the pros and cons of the Rosewood Hotels moving from individual brands to a corporate brand, discusses the general concept of CLTV and a wide variety of elements to differentiation, operational issues, and brand management. Additionally, this paper discusses how one assumption affects the results with an explanation that demonstrates an understanding of the concepts being applied Pros and Cons of Rosewood Hotels moving from individual brands to a corporate brand Rosewood hotels Resorts were so distinctive; each could thrive on its own name, without any corporate identification, in other words, the â€Å"cookie cutter approach†. John Scott, Rosewood’s newly appointed CEO and Robert Boulogne, vice president of sales and marketing considered a new brand strategy to boost the company’s growth. Since Rosewood Hotels Resorts had minimal brand recognition with its guests, John Scott and Boulogne decided to unifying the hotels owned by the company are to promote the corporate Rosewood Brand prominently. To effectively show results of individual versus corporate branding strategies, Scott and Boulogne conducted a qualitative analysis considering pros and cons of each branding strategy, and a quantitative analysis to estimate the impact of Rosewood’s corporate branding strategy on customer lifetime value (CLTV). From the research conducted by Rosewood, the most obvious and immediate pro to a corporate branding strategy is the projected increase in multi property stay guests from 5% to 10%. This has the potential to not only increase revenues but also brand awareness, recognition and word of mouth referrals. other advantages of Rosewood Hotels moving individual brands to corporate brand are increased brand wide usage, increased brand recognition, connection among properties, good positioning for competition, increased market/share, increase brand awareness, promotion of cross property usage, increased return visit, brand loyalty, increased revenue and building customer life values However, there are disadvantages of moving from individual brands to a corporate brand for Rosewood Hotels. This moment canned the â€Å"cookie cutter approach† of doing business. Other disadvantages of having a corporate brand is â€Å"no sense of place† philosophy, loss of uniqueness, less differentiation, potential loss of brand equity, loss of discretion, guess and management resistance to change, increased marketing cost, competition tougher among corporate branded hotels, and change in the corporate culture is challenging. To ensure they were making the best decision to move corporate branding for Rosewood Hotels, Scott and Boulogne used the guest revenue and expense data to show the potential benefits, greater customer life value (CLTV) would outweigh the marketing a n operations cost connected with corporate branding. To accomplish this, Boulogne calculated and forecasted the CLVT for six years with and without a Rosewood brand to determine how the branding strategy would affect profit per quest. CLTV can be separated into three categories, aggregate metrics, program evaluation metrics, and customer-level targeting tools. Aggregate CLTV metrics is an ideal metric for identifying the profitability of customer segments and for tracking segment performance over time. Segments with high CLTV represent the most important customers. Segments with low or negative CLTV indicate that change is needed in the way the business markets to and services these customers (Koppock, 2002). Calculating the CLTV impact of a proposed marketing program is essentially the same as running a business case by calculating the ROI of the program. The important thing to remember is that positive incremental CLTV is the key criteria for program valuation. Avoid thinking, If these customers are worth $500 in CLTV, then I can certainly afford to spend $100 on retention. The purpose of marketing is to increase CLTV, not to spend, (Koppock, 2002). And Customer Level CLTV was previously mentioned for cable TV providers include several elements that represent customer-level actions (retention, upgrading, cross-purchasing, payment, servi ce calls). Building predictive models for each of these customer actions allows an individual level assignment of CLTV. This information can be used for differentiated marketing in several ways: Identify individual customers who are not profitable and change the customer relationship to improve profitability (reduce service levels, increase price, etc. ) or minimize the customer relationship (accept attrition, end proactive marketing). Customer Lifetime Value Calculator Rosewood hotels Resorts used a value calculator to show how the assumption affects the results of moving from the â€Å"cookie cutter approach† to corporate branding Rosewood Case Analysis http://www. cribd. com/doc/64121596/MKT-Rosewood-Case-Analysis ROSEWOOD HOTELS AND RESORTS CASE Strategic issues and problems: The following report will describe and analyze the case of a private hotel management company called â€Å"Rosewood Hotels and Resorts†. Rosewood hotels have 12 distinctive hotels worldwide with a strong brand image that makes each property unique. The dilemma found in this case is whether to keep the current i ndividual branding strategy or create a corporate branding strategy, without undercutting the distinctiveness of each hotel. To do so the following points will be covered: ( ( ( Recommendation on individual versus corporate branding strategies. Qualitative analysis considering pros and cons of each branding strategy Quantitative analysis estimating the impact of Rosewood’s corporate branding strategy on customer lifetime value (CLTV) Recommendations: As we will observe in the qualitative analysis there are many disadvantages if the new strategy is implemented. However from an economic point of view we will see that implementing a new branding strategy is better for the company as the NPV per guest is higher (see quantitative analysis). Taking into account the Customer Lifetime Value Model Rosewood should implement a corporate branding strategy. However to minimize the disadvantages it would be essential to keep the name of some emblematic hotels such as â€Å"Carlyle† in order for the clients to remain loyal. These hotels can add the name â€Å"Rosewood†, to keep its clients aware that they belong to this chain. I find it useful to separate the uses of CLTV into three categories: 1) aggregate metrics, 2) program evaluation metrics, and 3) customer-level targeting tools. Aggregate CLTV Metrics:  CLTV is an ideal metric for identifying the profitability of customer segments and for tracking segment performance over time. Segments with high CLTV represent the most important customers. Segments with low or negative CLTV indicate that change is needed in the way the business markets to and services these customers. CLTV for Program Evaluation:  Calculating the CLTV impact of a proposed marketing program is essentially the same as running a business case by calculating the ROI of the program. The important thing to remember is that positive incremental CLTV is the key criteria for program evaluation. Avoid thinking, If these customers are worth $500 in CLTV, then I can certainly afford to spend $100 on retention. The purpose of marketing is to increase CLTV, not to spend it. Customer Level CLTV:  The definition of CLTV previously mentioned for cable TV providers includes several elements that represent customer-level actions (retention, upgrading, cross-purchasing, payment, service calls). Building predictive models for each of these customer actions allows an individual level assignment of CLTV. This information can be used for differentiated marketing in several ways: Identify individual customers who are not profitable and change the customer relationship to improve profitability (reduce service levels, increase price, etc. ) or minimize the customer relationship (accept attrition, end proactive marketing). †¢ Identify the drivers of CLTV and create programs that improve CLTV (marketing triggers, retention programs, etc. ). †¢ Identify high value prospects by cloning the profitable customer base (find prospects with similar characteristics)

Imprint free essay sample

Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they were meant to be there, to serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson, to help you figure out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be, but when you lock eyes with them, you know at that very moment that they will affect your life in some profound way. Some people come into our lives and quickly go, while others move our souls to dance. They awaken us to new understanding with the passing whisper of their wisdom. Some people make the sky more beautiful to gaze upon. They stay in our lives for awhile, leave Imprints in our hearts,  and we are never, ever the same. These are the people who enter our lives with a unique lesson to teach us. And it is only through these lessons that we learn about life, people, relationships, and ourselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Imprint or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So appreciate every moment and take from those moments everything that you possibly can for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people that you have never talked to before, and actually listen. Let yourself fall in love, break free, and set your sights high. Hold your head up because you have every right to. Look beyond the masks people wear if you want to know their heart, and remove your own masks to let people know yours. Tell yourself you are a great individual and believe in yourself, for if you don’t believe in yourself; it will be hard for others to believe in you. Everything is possible with heart and dedication. Try every thing once, there are times when we must quit something, but call it â€Å"letting go of loose ends. Communication is key, love with all your heart. Live the life that makes you feel complete, makes you happy, and makes you wake up every morning with a smile. Theres always something to learn, someone to meet, and something extraordinary to tell. Its about finding a meaning and sharing a story. Create the person you want to be in this world and in this life, and share the experiences and lessons with others. Because you know, it’s ne ver too late to have a life, and it’s never too late to change one.

Free Essays on Public Help

â€Å"Was Welfare Started to help people in need or to help people become depended? I am for helping my neighbor, but when does help turn into support? When does it become my responsibility to take care of your responsibility? My grandmother had 14 children 10 girls and four boys. Out of 10 girls seven of them is now on some form of public assistance. I have an aunt Vanita who is a single mother of five children struggling to survive while working 20-25 hours a week for about seven dollars per hour. Vanita tries to be a proud woman who brags about her self-reliance and her ability to take care of her children with out the help of welfare or child support. Vanita does not receive a monthly welfare check but she does require some assistance from the government. One form of public assistance Vanita receives is from the Family Independency Agency (FIA), which administers the government food stamp program and Medicaid. The FIA provides Vanita with $ 475.00 a month worth of food vouchers. Of course Vanita and her children do not eat that many groceries in a month. Vanita sell part of her food stamps each month, buy expensive meats, or buy plenty of junk food for her children. A few years ago she was receiving so many vouchers each month she became the neighborhood candy lady. The FIA also provides my aunt and cousins with medical insurance. The FIA also helps pay Vanita utilities. The FIA has a program that provides emergency relief for people on public assistance who are faced with non-payment shutoff notices on their phone, gas and electric bills. Sometimes Vanita will purposely not pay her utilities for a couple of months, this way they will bring her a disconnect notice. Once she gets the notice she run down to the public assistance building and they take care of everything. Vanita has a four-bed room two-bath house that she can afford through section 8. Now her monthly rent is $125.00 a month, but if she stops working for any rea... Free Essays on Public Help Free Essays on Public Help â€Å"Was Welfare Started to help people in need or to help people become depended? I am for helping my neighbor, but when does help turn into support? When does it become my responsibility to take care of your responsibility? My grandmother had 14 children 10 girls and four boys. Out of 10 girls seven of them is now on some form of public assistance. I have an aunt Vanita who is a single mother of five children struggling to survive while working 20-25 hours a week for about seven dollars per hour. Vanita tries to be a proud woman who brags about her self-reliance and her ability to take care of her children with out the help of welfare or child support. Vanita does not receive a monthly welfare check but she does require some assistance from the government. One form of public assistance Vanita receives is from the Family Independency Agency (FIA), which administers the government food stamp program and Medicaid. The FIA provides Vanita with $ 475.00 a month worth of food vouchers. Of course Vanita and her children do not eat that many groceries in a month. Vanita sell part of her food stamps each month, buy expensive meats, or buy plenty of junk food for her children. A few years ago she was receiving so many vouchers each month she became the neighborhood candy lady. The FIA also provides my aunt and cousins with medical insurance. The FIA also helps pay Vanita utilities. The FIA has a program that provides emergency relief for people on public assistance who are faced with non-payment shutoff notices on their phone, gas and electric bills. Sometimes Vanita will purposely not pay her utilities for a couple of months, this way they will bring her a disconnect notice. Once she gets the notice she run down to the public assistance building and they take care of everything. Vanita has a four-bed room two-bath house that she can afford through section 8. Now her monthly rent is $125.00 a month, but if she stops working for any rea...

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 15

Economics - Essay Example They have therefore determined other sources of energy, which are pocket and environmentally friendly. Solar power and biomass power are commonly used in most of the households. According to the United Sate federal government, approximately 39% of the energy produced in America go toward the generation of electricity. To this end, generation of electricity in America has contributed to lingering environmental concerns including pollution and degradation. To be precise, electricity in the world is generated through burning oil, coal and natural gas. This natural products produce greenhouse gas including carbon dioxide when they burn. It is plausible to note that the more electricity that the community uses the more we add greenhouse gases to the environment resulting in global warming. According to various researches, these gases may have contributed to warmers environmental conditions in 1999 and in 1938 (Deru & Torcellini,  2007). Other environmental effects in our area are experienced when electricity causes fire, thereby destroying other ecological systems and produce global warming gases, which influence the climate. However, some households utilize e lectricity from renewable resources including geothermal, solar and wind technologies have no negative climatic changes including contaminating the local air. In our home, we use electricity to serve various purposes. It is the main source of energy that provided electric light and in pumping up electronics, including heaters, TV, personal electronic devices, computers, washing machines amid others. Electricity makes life easier and interesting because it helps one to keep things on standby without switching them off like computers, television and microwave. At the industry levels, electricity provides electric power to pump up machines and provide electric lighting (Xintao & Junzi,  2010). Our

McCain's Bid for Re-Election and His Stance on Immigration Term Paper

McCain's Bid for Re-Election and His Stance on Immigration - Term Paper Example McCain has changed many of his controversial opinions and policies in order to get more public acceptance. The critics blame McCain for such fluctuating policies. His the opponent in the Republican Party for the Presidential nomination, Hayworth accused McCain of teaming with Democrats on issues. He blamed McCain for working with â€Å"Sen. Russ Feingold of Wisconsin on campaign finance reform and with the late Sen. Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts on an immigration bill that would have created a pathway to citizenship for illegal immigrants† (U.S. Senate Facing Toughest Re-Election Bid, McCain Moves Right on Several Issues).   Hayworth and his supporters are particularly troubled by McCain's immigration bill, which they call "amnesty" for illegal immigrants. McCain has since backed off his calls for comprehensive immigration reform, saying the government should focus first on securing the border before figuring out how to handle the millions of illegal immigrants already in the country. He says he opposes amnesty (U.S. Senate Facing Toughest Re-Election Bid, McCain Moves Right on Several Issues). McCain’s major opponent Hayworth and his allies criticize McCain mainly because of his controversial immigration policies. McCain believes that America needs the services of the immigrants for its development and it is necessary to give citizenship to the immigrants. In his opinion, America is facing stiff manpower shortage at present in the employment sector and that is why most of the organizations are outsourcing their jobs to cheap labor markets such as India and China. Obama is trying hard to avoid outsourcing of jobs from America in order to put an end to the uncontrolled capital outflow from America.  

How did Wolsey rise in status from Essay Example for Free

How did Wolsey rise in status from Essay 1500-1516 During 1500 and 1516 Wolsey rose from simple butchers son to Cardinal of the church. He was the boss of Englands administration, meaning he had to keep control foreign policies and Englands domestic matters. He was a man of great stamina and a man of great intelligence and organisational skills. He was an intellectual child and went to Oxford University. After coming out of university, Wolsey works for Nanfan in Calais he is asked to work for Henry VII but refuses. When Nanfan dies Wolsey goes to London to work for Henry VII, Wolsey is liked due to being hard working and amazing at organising. When Henry VII dies Henry VIII succeeds the throne, the new king wants to go to war with France. Although his fathers advisers; Fox, Warham and Surrey disagree he goes ahead with the plan. Henry VII needs money, Wolsey comes up with the idea of bringing back subsidies, this raises the huge amount of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100,000. By doing this Wolsey gets close to the king and Henry realises how hardworking Wolsey is, and therefore gives Wolsey control of logistics. Henry wins the war and sees just how useful Wolsey is, during the war Henrys adviser Surrey had stepped aside (he didnt go to France) letting Wolsey take glory from the war. While England is in France Scotland attack, they loose their king and Surrey wins the battle, he is made Duke of Norfolk. After Fox retires, Warham is removed as an advisor, and Wolsey is appointed Cardinal. Wolseys rise is quick and almost impossible. The argument that Elton presents is that Wolsey makes his way to Cardinal by force, i.e.; pushing people out of the way to make way for himself. That Wolsey is just a bully who manipulates people to get what he wants. Whereas Gwyn says that Wolsey was just a very hard worker who was admired by people very much and deserved his promotions and positions he was given. We see Wolseys manipulating and evil side when he takes over the war and pushes Surrey out of the way. Here we see how Wolsey uses his intellect to manipulate Henry VIIs way of thinking, after this Henry thinks of Surrey as not as influential and useful as Wolsey. By taking over the logistics in the war Wolsey shows his passion for war and that he has a cruel side too. Luckily Surrey fends of Scotland, and impresses the king and rather than being forgotten like Wolsey wants he is made Duke of Norfolk. To put an end to the new-formed alliance between Spain, France and the Holy Roman Empire he was sent to a conference and decided that he would trade Mary Roses hand in marriage to Louie for peace and agreement. This shows he is willing to give the kings relatives away to get a result and ultimately stay in power, or even get promoted. When Wolsey gets back to England he starts talking about how Fox is not doing his job and how he wasnt even in France at the time of the negotiations. This is most likely due to the fact that Fox was also Bishop of Exeter and was concentrating on that rather than his negotiating duties. Wolsey uses this as an excuse to say that Fox is lazy and isnt doing his job properly. Fox finally leaves his post in government due to Wolsey, thus meaning Wolsey gains more authority and power. Wolsey then proceeds to get Warham removed, this is because the king does not like Warham and getting rid of him will mean the king likes Wolsey more. Warham is still Arch Bishop of Canterbury, and therefore still has some authority over Wolsey. To counteract this Wolsey gets the king to make him Cardinal. This makes Warham almost useless and his position irrelevant. Wolseys manipulating and bully-like ways got him into very high power, but to do so he got rid of his opposition with force. Gwyn takes a very different approach to Elton and says how Wolsey was an honest and very hardworking man, who had the interests of the country at heart. Wolsey starts his career by devising an ingenious scheme that would get the king what he wanted without having to raise taxes on the everyday man. After impressing the king Wolsey was rewarded by being given the job of logistics in the war. This was likely done to trial him as government representative. Wolsey works ridiculously hard during the war so that all the calculations and logistics are correct. As a result he wins the war against France. When Wolsey comes back to England he finds Fox to be old and encourages him to retire, so he can relax after such a long time serving the king. Fox agreed that he was old and should stop work. For such good work the king makes Wolsey, Cardinal. Warham is bitter about this, as he does not like the way in which Wolsey operates. Wolsey then proceeds to stop the illegal happenings of Warham and gets revenue from Warhams property. We can see that both views can make sense, but I feel that Wolsey made it to the top by a mix of the two. I think that he was genuinely hard working and clever, but also encouraged people to leave the government. This way of thinking is more believable than someone who was totally evil or perfect. It was likely that if you did something good for the king every so often he would promote you, and this is exactly what happened. Therefore if you bring Eltons and Gwyns ideas together then you are more likely to get a true representation of what Wolsey was really like and how he got his high status.

King Lear :: essays papers

King Lear In William Shakespeare’s classic play, King Lear, the title character gives a memorable speech that brings to light the effect of wealth on the way people perceive mistakes. When you were a kid and you did something wrong your mother or your father probably told you, â€Å"well everyone makes mistakes.† Lear adds another dimension to this concept. In more modern terms, his speech basically says that it’s much easier to detect sin and wrong in a man who bumbles around in filth with a shopping cart full of God-knows-what, all wrapped up in garbage bags, than it is in a man who pulls up in a Jaguar and is wealthy enough to hire people to floss his teeth. However, when King Lear actually delivered the speech, there were no Jaguars, and there was no dental floss. There probably weren’t even shopping carts or garbage bags. In fact, I’m quite sure there weren’t, so King Lear’s speech might not be quite as accurate now as it was in his time. It was a different society, a different world. In fact a particular situation of very recent time comes to mind, which shows just how outdated Lear’s speech might be, since there was of course no crack cocaine back then. Most people who pay attention to current events will know where I’m going with this. Last week I was flipping through the newspaper (keep that in mind) when a very familiar name caught my attention. Ex-baseball star Darryl Strawberry had once again been arrested for a series of completely ridiculous and outrageous behaviors. â€Å"Sinful,† in more King Learly terms would be an understatement when addressing Strawberry’s most recent crimes. â€Å"Robes and furr’d gowns hide all?† It’s quite the opposite in this case. The public eye has actually been nothing less than relentless in poring over and pointing fingers of shame and â€Å"look at him isn’t that terrible?!,† all at Darryl Strawberry, the rich and famous baseball hero. His sin is plated with anything but gold. But you know what? There might be some bum walking up the block from me right now, selling the same crack cocaine that got Mr. Strawberry in trouble. I wo uldn’t know about it, and neither would anybody else (law enforcement officials, for example). No one can see his small vices, despite his â€Å"tatter’d clothes.

Behavior Modification Research Paper Essay

Abstract Reinforcing positive behavior is critical in many aspects. It helps parents, school teachers and managers seek positive behavioral responses from the subject whether it’s a child, adult or even an employee. â€Å"Reinforcement was first studied by Thorndike (1911), who illustrated that reinforcement is a process where the behavior is increased by the immediate consequence that follows. Thorndike placed a hungry cat in a cage and food outside the cage and the cat eventually learned to press the lever again and again to gain access to the food that was placed outside the cage. Thorndike called this â€Å"Law of Effect†, simply, because the cage-cat illustration showed how the animal learned (stimulus-response) through operant conditioning† (Thorndike 1911). Reinforcement can be either positive or negative (Miltenberger, 2011). Both have their own merits and demerits. Positive reinforcement is often considered as more desirable, especially, since the negative reinforcement cannot be sustained for too long and also it has chances of revoking resistance. Positive reinforcement through both primary and secondary methods helps win the respect and loyalty of the subject most of the times. Sustainable reinforcement is a mixture of the two types: positive and negative. For personal behavioral modification, people mostly choose to get positive stimuli. They do not like to be hurt or punished in order to perform a task. Likewise, I also chose the positive methods and would prefer that I am given appreciation at home, school and/or my workplace because that will help me to demonstrate increased productivity, dedication and commitment and it will also reduce the level of stress. These positive factors of reinforcement may include improving the work environment, improving timings and/or offering conveyance services. Introduction Behaviors are equally important at work as well as in our social lives. This is because positive behavior is connected to good performance and impact, and, negative behavior is connected to negative impact. During evaluation periods, employers review positive behavior from their employees and they focus on both positive and negative behavioral types when they looking to hire new employees. Behavior is a response that can be reinforced. Reinforcement concept of psychology helps find what reinforces positive  behavior and which activities reinforce negative behavior. There are both positive and negative reinforces and there are benefits and consequences for both behavior type. In the workplace, the Manager is not only required to find the factors that help in reinforcing positive behavior, but, also to assess the comparative success of these factors in different work and home environments as well. A detailed analysis of reinforcement literature will assist in effectively modifying th e behavior. Literature Review B.F. Skinner used the reinforcement theory to positively encourage the mouse to find a way out and get cheese and today, Managers make use of reinforcement theories to motivate employees. Reinforcing positive behavior allows the managers to determine what can be expected from their employee(s). Daymut (2009) says that positive reinforcement helps in homes, schools, offices and almost anywhere. Reinforcement is supportive in increasing the chances of certain behavioral response. The probability of behavior can be increased by increasing the stimulus to which the individual or employee responds. The primary reinforcers are physical stimuli and the appreciation and non-monetary rewards are the secondary reinforcing agents. Punishment serves as negative reinforcers while gratitude serves as positive reinforcers. People are inclined to different reinforcing factors based on their personality-type, the kind of environment they were brought up in and the things that are inculcated into their minds. The pleasure-pain principle suggests that some people are motivated better when they find pleasure in doing something, while, others may not indulge into an activity unless they find pain by not doing them. For example, getting ill due to over-eating and excessive weight gain is a negative reinforcing factor that will help an individual adopt a routine of healthy (adequate) eating choices and light exercising such as walking, etc. Reinforcement works differently in different environments. Some environments are better suitable for the positive reinforcement while the others are better for the negative reinforcement. However, in most of cases the positive reinforcement is considered more effective and useful (DeLeon, Neidert, Anders, and Rodriguez, 2001). The reinforcement of behavior is backed by some needs that can be personal, social or organizational. People even use these strategies for helping people with psychological problems since they are not able to  show response in normal conditions without induced stimuli. The stimuli in positive method should be such that they can be easily arranged as required. On the other hand, the negative factors should also not be too critical to result into a rebellious behavior of the subject. The common examples of positive stimulus or positive reinforcement includes but not limited to; offering gifts to children on getting good grades, paying extra amount for labor projects that were completed on time and/or increasing the salary of an employee or even promoting him/her. The example of negative reinforcement or negative stimuli includes but not limited to; punishing a child for not completing homework, asking an employee to sit late in office for not meeting sales target, etc. The type of reinforcement should not be selected based on the choices of manager, but, these choices should be made based on the behavior. Negative reinforcement should not be used unless the positive reinforcement factors have failed (Cosgrave, 2007). Positive behavior of an employee is desired not only to make the system efficient, but, also to get the job merely done in the first place. While reinforcing a behavior, the management of a company or the parents at home or the teachers at schools should be confident that the reinforcement agent will be effective in the long term. For example, it is not possible to promote an employee every time he completes a project or give gifts to the successful child every time he passes the exam and/or give the child candy every time he/she finishes his work on time. Secondary stimuli, making the contribution known and setting higher and more respectable targets can also serve as reinforcing factors that may be guaranteed in the long run. DeLeon, Neidert, Anders andRodriguez (2001) say that the positive reinforcement is very effective and has found to be helpful especially when positive behavior is to be evoked in the children with autism and other psychological diseases. Tuten et al (2014) say that friendly enforcement techniques are helpful for professionals as well as nonprofessionals. Treatment B.F. Skinners and many others have found that positive reinforcement is effective in evoking positive psychological behavior. Skinner described positive reinforcement in his mice study and it was a success. My clients (investors) believe in me, value and appreciate me, but, sometimes they try to assign me to tasks that are not related to my skills, and, I think they  tend to do this based on their perception of my capabilities and behavior. Sometimes, the work pressure is very high because I am given many tasks that are mandatory and need to be completed in a very short time frame and this make me feel stressed at work because (sometimes) because I work from home-all alone in the State of Georgia and the physical aspects of my job is located in other states (D.C.-Maryland area) and I have to rely on others to perform certain assignments in short time-frame. Therefore I suggest how reinforcement can be used in treating issues I face: Positive Reinforcement: I am requesting that my c ompany provide me with an office space in Maryland-DC area where I can travel to every other month. Also, my working hours should remain the same with some flexibility. Further, my company should allow me to hire a part-time assistant to help take care of some of the footwork, i.e., post court notices on doors, file legal paperwork in the courts, etc. Next, I perform better between the hours of 6am to 3:30pm and I would like to keep that schedule, if I can have an assistant. Therefore, I believe that if I am afforded the opportunity to work during those times that suit me then my performance will be 110% better. Negative Reinforcement: The management can announce that my salary will be deducted if I do not work for set number of hours every day. Also they can penalize me if for not completing my projects by its deadline dates which in return can also affect other projects in the company and lead to legal problems and loss of money. The negative reinforcement should be given only once in a while and it should not be introduced unnecessarily. What I wrote above is a good example of what I do as a Property Manager and I’ve described it in a way that would benefit me if I worked for an Employer. I am self-employed and my job can be stressful at times, so I hire local contractors in D.C.-Maryland area to help me achieve 20% of my work goals to reduce some of my stress. I think positive reinforcement is not only beneficial towards work-related behavior changes, but I would also suggest that people use positive reinforcement strategies to modify their own personal behavior as well. I would like to suggest that all of us should help others adopt these strategies, too. Conclusion Without controlling behavior, a person cannot successfully perform the routine tasks of life. It is sometimes not possible for an individual to  control his behavior and feel motivated. In such situations, external motivation factors are required that can be either appreciation or consequences for negative behavior. These positive and negative reinforcement factors should be used strategically because there are merits and demerits of each. I will prefer positive reinforcement because this will help me in feeling motivated and engaged. The negative reinforcement is connected to unpleasant feelings of shame and insult that will not be beneficial in the long run. Both individuals and organizations can use a combination of the two methods to get a positive outcome. References 1. Miltenberger, R.G., (2011). Behavior Modification: Principles and Procedures. 5th Ed. 2. Thorndike, E.L. (1911). Animal Intelligence: Experimental Studies. NewYork:Macmillan 3. Cosgrave, G., (2007), â€Å"Negative Reinforcement†, Retrieved from: http://www.educateautism.com/behavioural-principles/negative-reinforcement.html#.U4XAT2dZrIU 4. Daymut, J. A., (2009), â€Å"Positive Reinforcement: A Behavior-Management Strategy†, Retrieved from: http://www.superduperinc.com/handouts/pdf/238_PositiveReinforcement.pdf 5. DeLeon, I. G., Neidert, P. L., Anders, B. M., Rodriguez, C. V., (2001), â€Å"Choices between positive and negative reinforcement during treatment for escape-maintained behaviour†, Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 34(4):521-525 6. Tuten, L. M., Jones, H. E., Schaeffer, C. M., Stitzer, M. L., (2014), â€Å"Reinforcement-Based Treatment for Substance Use Disorders: A Comprehensive Behavioural Approach†, ISBN: 978-1-4338-1024-4

Central Nervous System Diseases Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Demyelination affects white and grey matter (Kieseier and Stuve, 2011; Stadelman et al., 2011), and it is accompained by disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), inflammatory infiltrates consisting of monocyte-derived macrophages and lymphocytes, and axonal degeneration (Trapp and Nave, 2008). As a consequence, MS patients usually suffer from loss of motor and sensory function, and cognitive impairment. During the disease course, especially during the early stages, MS is characterized by the succession of destruction and repair events. As lesion progress, monocytes and autoreactive T cells infiltrate the CNS. T cells are reactivated by antigen-presenting cells and secrete cytokines and chemokines that induce the recruitment and activation of macrophages, B cells and more T cells. This massive cellular infiltration and subsequent inflammation is eventually responsible of oligodendrocytes death, demyelination, and axonal degeneration. During remyelination, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) migrate from the subventricular zone to the inflammatory lesions, proliferate and differentiate into myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. OPCs proliferation is induced by factors secreted by microglia and astrocytes that are activated by lesion formation, while OPCs survival and differentiation is established by contact between axons and OPCs processes (McQualter and Bernard,Show MoreRelatedMultipl e Sclerosis : A Disease Of The Central Nervous System2024 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the Central nervous system that progresses over a period time (â€Å"NINDS,† 2015). The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. 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